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eutrophicationAssessmentManagementSummary
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  Background  
     
  Definition  
     
  Causes  
     
  Effects and consequences  
 

Background

For more than 30 years, nutrient enrichment has been one of the major threats to the health of marine ecosystems and resources (Ryther & Dunstan 1971, Danish EPA 1984, Nixon 1995, Elmgren 2001). When nutrients are discharged or transported to the sea their inherent characteristics as plant nutrients affect and modify the structure and function of the ecosystem. The response to nutrient enrichment is called eutrophication.

 

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Danish Environmental Protection Agency & National Environmental Research Institute • updated: